IABR

In the fall of 2018, the IPPC, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, raised the alarm: to avoid catastrophe, human societies have 12 years to completely transform the way we use energy and land. Change is urgently needed and on a scale for which ‘there is no documented historical precedent’, scientists from all around the world warned .

That is why we think it's best to assume that we are facing the deepest crisis in human memory. And that we have no time to waste.

And that is why IABR–DOWN TO EARTH asks: Where can we land? Can we re-settle on planet Earth, as it were, in a sustainable balance with other lifeforms and one with nature? Can we, as philosopher Bruno Latour puts it, redesign our living environments ‘as that on which a terrestrial depends’ and always ask ourselves ‘what other terrestrials also depend on it?’

For this is now inevitably our new challenge, politically, socially and culturally, we have to redefine all of our actions as that which takes us back to earth. DOWN TO EARTH.

Read the complete introduction to DOWN TO EARTH by the chief curator, George Brugmans, here

How now?
There are plenty of good plans and ideas, also from spatial designers and architects, to achieve a more sustainable balance between people, other species and nature, but they rarely become concrete projects. There is a gap, a missing link, between plans and projects, between knowing and doing, an incredibly persistent issue that the 2018-edition of IABR, THE MISSING LINK, has put on the agenda.

DOWN TO EARTH wants to examine how we can tackle the issue in concrete terms: how now? For one thing, the IABR does this by urging that we apply existing, major and urgent challenges as a lever both in exploring the integrated transformation of our urban landscapes and societies and in the public debate on the nature, quality and property of the transformation.

Water and Energy Transition as Leverage
The two that, in 2017, we have chosen to work on in our IABR–Ateliers are water management and energy transition-related challenges. How can design driven responses to these challenges help us to develop new approaches to inhabit the earth, in a much more balanced way, one that helps us realize the Sustainable Developments Goals?

How can we tackle water issues - too much, too little, too polluted - in such a way that they become also the starting point for working on resilient cities? We research this in particular in our two Water as Leverage Ateliers, the IABR–Atelier Dordrecht and the IABR–Atelier Drought in the Delta.
For more information on our Water as Leverage agenda, click here

And (how) can we help realize the energy transition so that we can simultaneously use it as a lever for socially inclusive urban planning? We investigate this in our third IABR–Atelier Rotterdam: Energy Transition as a Lever for a Socially Inclusive City.

Curator Team
To address these issues in a biennale in times of pandemic, an anti-biennale that unfolded from September 2020 through August 2021, a Curator Team has been appointed, consisting of chief curator George Brugmans, and cocurators Rianne Makkink and Jurgen Bey, Eva Pfannes, Thijs van Spaandonk and Robbert de Vrieze. Under the heading DOWN TO EARTH, they curated a series of exhibitions and other activities, due to ever-changing covid-19 measures always waiting as long as possible to decide when and in what form the consecutive program components would need to be presented.

In the end DOWN TO EARTH put seven exhibitions before the public:
DROUGHT IN THE DELTA - for more info click here
WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY? - for more info click here
METEOPOLIS - for more info click here
NOW! DESIGNING IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CRISIS - for more info click here
RECLAIMING THE COMMONS - for more info click here
WATERSCHOOL M4H+ - for more info click here
THE HIGH GROUND - for more info click here

Location: M4H + BoTu
The locations of DOWN TO EARTH are the Merwe-Vierhavens area (M4H), a city harbor that is a breeding ground for the new circular economy, and the adjacent Bospolder-Tussendijken (BoTu), a self-reliant and culturally very diverse but socioeconomically vulnerable Rotterdam district.
M4H + BoTu: two adjacent areas we jointly designated as IABR–Test Site M4H+ during the previous biennale. Together, they are representative of the many challenges facing not only the city of Rotterdam but also many other cities. The water challenge and energy transition play a part here, but here we can also explore the new circular economy, the housing challenge, accessibility, and social inequality. Here, the poor and unemployed live alongside start-ups and enterprising artists. Old and new meet, city and port, rich and poor, local and global.
M4H+BoTu is an exemplary Test Site for the transition: challenges and approaches come together in the now and how, and in a very provoking manner as well. This is why we moved our office to the Keilepand, centrally located in the area. It is an ideal location for the IABR, for DOWN TO EARTH and for future biennale editions.

As of 2016, the IABR has fully committed itself to contribute to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations and of the objectives stated in the Paris Climate Agreement. It has firmly anchored its commitment to the SDGs in its mission statement and its multi-year policy plan 2021 - 2024, Where Can We Land?
What does that mean in concrete terms? That the IABR, as a cultural institution, wants to contribute to solving the great challenges we face with the most appropriate means available to us as a research and development institution as well as an international cultural platform: research by design, the power of the imagination and the efficacy of design.

^{Toolbox: The World and the Neighborhood (work in progress)}

^{image: OOZE, IABR–Atelier Rotterdam}

Downloads

Waar kunnen we landen? (Dutch)

Earthrise

^{photo by Bill Anders (1968), courtesy NASA}

EARTHRISE
On Christmas Eve 1968, as mankind first orbited the moon while millions of people watched it happen, astronaut Bill Anders took a special picture. To allow NASA to investigate possible locations for lunar landings, he was shooting images of the lunar surface. As Apollo 8 circled the moon for the first time, the astronauts suddenly saw the Earth ‘rising’. Anders didn’t hesitate and captured the view. It would turn out to be one of the most influential photographs of all time, later named Earthrise.

Against the pitch-black backdrop of an infinite and virtually uncharted universe, the Earth suddenly takes on color, depth and perspective. It’s an emotional and inspirational image. So, this is our home, a blue planet with a biosphere that makes it exceptionally suitable for life, an assurance of well-being and growth.
But it’s a vulnerable home, with a biosphere that we are all responsible for, warns the Club of Rome almost immediately, in 1972. With that new perspective of our home, glowing warmly against the backdrop of the dark universe, comes the understanding that the conditions under which our habitat thrives are not self-evident and, in any case, temporary. Our planet is not inexhaustible, it’s clear from the start: there are limits to growth.

ANTHROPOCENE
Fast forward to 2020. We can now all zoom in from ‘space’, anywhere, anytime. The blue planet has become Google Earth™. But what we see is not always that inspiring anymore. Our home is not in order. Rather than instilling responsibility, Earthrise made us arrogant. Drunk from the view, we’ve brought down the Anthropocene upon ourselves. Blind to the consequences, we’re exhausting the planet, as if we are its last inhabitants.

Since that Christmas Eve in 1968, the world population has doubled and the number of people living in cities has tripled. And in the last thirty years we have emitted more CO₂ than in all the previous centuries combined. The extractive fossil economy, which enables dizzying growth, places a huge burden on the land, on the Earth, and on the biosphere. And indeed, the planet is not inexhaustible. Climate and biodiversity are under threat, at least a million species will soon be extinct. We are the most dangerous poachers in the ecosystem on which we are completely dependent.

Exactly 50 years later, in the autumn of 2018, a second warning followed, this time from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. If we want to prevent a catastrophe, we have until 2030 to fully adapt the way we live on Earth. This lies at the heart of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the need for change on a scale for which ‘there is no documented historical precedent.’
We’ve taken out an irresponsibly large mortgage on our home. It’s imperative that we realize that we’re facing the greatest crisis humanity has ever known. And that there is no time to lose.

Bleeding Tears, Study 3, Perth, Western Australia

^{Tailing ponds, the byproducts of mining, contain toxic substances and heavy metals such as lead, copper and mercury.}

^{© Yi Sun}

THERE IS NO PLANET B
In 2020, the coronavirus has put the whole world on hold. This offers a truly unique opportunity to take a look behind the backdrop of the Anthropocene.
We’ve virtually ruined our relationship with the planet. Like the climate and biodiversity crises, but with a much more immediate effect, the pandemic is a result of human activity. Especially of our global economic and financial systems, with their emphasis on endless compound growth and the need to exploit nature to the fullest, in an increasingly violent maelstrom of people, money and goods, with no regard for the consequences. But there is no Planet B. Behind the backdrop, we realize, there is no behind the backdrop.
Covid-19 uncomfortably exposes how shockingly unequal and vulnerable we have become. We can no longer fool ourselves and cling to the idea that we function in an autonomous ecosystem, independent of the rest of the biosphere. It is simply not sustainable. Things have to change completely. The choice is now ours. But how are we supposed to proceed? Can we still pay off our mortgage? And how do we find a new way to live in our home, in time?

^{Jakarta, Rising Tide, 2018}

^{© Kadir van Lohuizen / NOOR}

Rewind back to 1968. Earthrise. Let's imagine coming from behind the moon and seeing the blue planet looming in front of us. The image is emotional and inspirational. Where can we land? Can we re-settle on Earth, as it were, in a sustainable balance with all other lifeforms? Can we, as philosopher Bruno Latour puts it, redesign our living environments ‘as that on which a terrestrial depends’ and always ask ourselves ‘what other terrestrials also depend on it?’
For this is now inevitably our new political mission, we have to redefine all of our actions as that which takes us back to earth. DOWN TO EARTH

LEVERS FOR CHANGE
DOWN TO EARTH endeavors to help find an answer to the question: Where can we land? Yes, the situation in which we find ourselves is scary. We have reached the point where it is all or nothing. Yet that’s precisely what sharpens our focus, puts us in survival mode. Forces us to think and act in a radically different but still concrete and solution-focused way, insisting on real world change, on research by design that wants to truly and sustainably ground.

^{Energy Transition as Leverage (from: RECLAIMING THE COMMONS)}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

The research by design carried out by the IABR–Ateliers focuses on water- and energy transition-related challenges. Highly topical subjects both in the Netherlands and around the globe. The Dutch Delta is drying out, all Dutch homes must become gas-free – these are some of the very concrete challenges that we’ve taken as our starting point.
We’re well aware that everything we do eventually has an impact on the entire biosphere, so our approach is an integral one. That’s the only way for us to contribute to comprehensive, truly transformative change. It’s why, in the Ateliers, we design solutions for the water and energy transition challenges in such a way that we also explore how those solutions can help us solve other problems at the same time. In other words, we use specific current challenges as levers for change, so that in fact we are always working on the much broader, structural and social transition that is at least as urgent.
What has to be done needs to be done in such a way that, at the same time, we do much more. And there’s no time to waste. So the question of how to do things differently, smarter and better has to be asked again and again and again, while we’re at it.

George Brugmans
chief curator DOWN TO EARTH

People

George Brugmans

The DOWN TO EARTH Curator Team consists of George Brugmans (chief curator), Rianne Makkink, Jurgen Bey, Eva Pfannes, Thijs van Spaandonk and Robbert de Vrieze.
Alexandra Sonnemans is the assistent to the chief curator and Noortje Weenink is assistant to the curators.

Curator Team IABR–DOWN TO EARTH

^{from the left: Robbert de Vrieze, Jurgen Bey, Rianne Makkink, George Brugmans, Thijs van Spaandonk (co-curator Eva Pfannes is missing)}

^{picture: Fred Ernst}

Convince and inspire
The curators want to present well-designed, well-substantiated and promising strategies and best practices in the fields of water management and energy transitions, the two challenges DOWN TO EARTH focuses on. Convincing projects that demonstrate how we can comprehensively transform the challenges our urban landscapes and living environments offer; inspiring examples that stimulate the targeted realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by telling the story of urban development from a new perspective, thus enhancing people’s ability to act – by offering them real perspectives, which – if needs be, and that increasingly seems to be the case – even encourage concrete social activism.

Where can we land?
DOWN TO EARTH: where can we land; how can we redefine all our actions as what leads toward the Earth; how can we adapt in such a way that our urban living environments can cope with the impending climate crisis - not at the expense of but in balance with nature?

Read the introduction to DOWN TO EARTH by the chief curator, George Brugmans, here

More on Curator Team IABR–DOWN TO EARTH ▸▸▸

^{DOWN TO EARTH: THE HIGH GROUND}

^{image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

It’s now 600 years ago that Dordrecht was struck by what was perhaps the greatest flood disaster in the history of the Low Countries: the Saint Elizabeth’s Flood. It made the city into an island, which to this day is very vulnerable to flooding. So water safety is clearly of the highest possible priority.
Over the past two years, the IABR–Atelier Dordrecht, under its lead designer Adriaan Geuze (West 8), has investigated how the future need for self-sufficiency in the event of a major flood can be deployed in the search for an answer to the current sustainable area development challenge: How can water safety be used as leverage?
The conclusions of the research are presented in the exhibition THE HIGH GROUND, curated by the chief curator of DOWN TO EARTH, George Brugmans.

^{DOWN TO EARTH: THE HIGH GROUND}

^{image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

THE HIGH GROUND
The results of the five substudies by VenhoevenCS, PosadMaxwan, DVMB, EGM architects and West 8 that the Atelier has commissioned, make clear that De Staart – now an isolated area with many problems and few prospects – can play an unexpectedly important role in realizing the Dordrecht water safety agenda. If water safety is wielded as leverage to accomplish sustainable and inclusive urban development, opportunities suddenly arise. Indeed, this approach requires that there be flexible space on De Staart at all times, to make it possible to quickly realize the extra square meters needed for peak absorption in the event of a disaster. By making room in the design process for the accommodation of evacuees and other emergency facilities, a city can be created where people not only live and work, but where there is also plenty of room for recreation, education and other public facilities, both through a different approach at the building level and in the outdoor areas.

^{THE HIGH GROUND - build for flexibility}

^{model: EGM/Made by Mistake - image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

^{DOWN TO EARTH: THE HIGH GROUND}

^{model: West 8 - image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

^{THE HIGH GROUND - choose to connect}

^{model: VenhoevenCS, Studio KU+}

^{DOWN TO EARTH: THE HIGH GROUND}

^{(detail) model by Made by Mistake - image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

^{DOWN TO EARTH: THE HIGH GROUND}

^{model by Made by Mistake - image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

The leverage approach also requires that De Staart is always easily and quickly accessible. This calls for new, good connections in and with the city, and between the city and the region. It also facilitates access to greenery and water. The Wantij can be laid out as a Tidal Park: beneficial for nature, for recreation, and for the quality of life on De Staart. And living on the water, in and with space for nature, becomes a serious option.

^{THE HIGH GROUND - Live on the Water - PosadMaxwan}

^{drawing: Merel Corduwener for IABR–Atelier Dordrecht}

Hitting many pins with one ball
Dordrecht has the opportunity to hit many pins with one ball: increase water safety and at the same time build housing and stimulate employment, optimize connections in the city and with the region, and improve the quality of life and recreational opportunities for all of its inhabitants. Thanks to the water-safety-as-leverage approach, an opportunity map of De Staart reads like an unmistakable invitation to seriously contribute to the Growth Agenda Drechtsteden 2030 and the sustainability ambitions of Dordrecht.

^{THE HIGH GROUND - ready, set, go: the exhibition as a workshop}

^{image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

DOWN TO EARTH in Dordrecht
With THE HIGH GROUND, the biennale takes a trip to Dordrecht.
The exhibition is open to the public from July 3 through August 14, from Wednesday through Saturday, from 1pm until 5 pm.

Please note that the exhibition is closed on Sunday, Monday and Tuesday.

^{Biesboschhal, Dordtyard, Dordrecht}

THE HIGH GROUND can be visited in the Biesboschhal on De Staart, Maasstraat 11, 3313 CR Dordrecht.
Admission is free and registration is not necessary as long as the current corona measures are in force.

For all other pertinent visitors information, click here

Given the pandemic, IABR follows the current guidelines of the Dutch Health Authority. So please remember that because of Covid-19 all dates are subject to change.

More on Exhibition: THE HIGH GROUND ▸▸▸

Location

Biesboschhal

People

^{DOWN TO EARTH: WATERSCHOOL M4H+}

^{image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

In their studio on the western edge of Merwe-Vierhavens (M4H), Makkink & Bey have set up a working exhibition that illustrates what a new live-work environment could look like if the points of view and use of raw materials of future residents are taken into account.

^{WATERSCHOOL M4H+ Insects Scenario Visualization}

^{artist's impression Studio Makkink & Bey with Juhee Hahm}

Future scenarios
The exterior of the elongated building and the exhibition feature drawn future scenarios that also include existing projects by designers, artists, and architects. They portray a new relationship between all living organisms, including all residents, in a district that focuses on energy, water management, and food. The drawings of food, material, energy, and live-work landscapes demonstrate how M4H can be (re)developed. The work creates a cultural framework that serves as an addition to and is informed by the guiding principles formulated by the IABR–Atelier Rotterdam for the development of M4H that were integrated into the Spatial Framework approved by the Port Authority and the City of Rotterdam in 2019.

^{WATERSCHOOL M4H+ - detail}

^{image: George Brugmans}

Waterschool: an ongoing project
WATERSCHOOL M4H+ is the next step in the development of the Waterschool, a long-term research project by Studio Makkink & Bey (SMB) that was also part of the previous biennale, THE MISSING LINK.
Curators Rianne Makkink and Jurgen Bey started exploring Merwe-Vierhavens (M4H) as a learning production landscape that was being developed to meet the water challenge in 2018. Now, two years later, they proudly present WATERSCHOOL M4H+: the culmination of their research in a working exhibition in their own studio, complemented by five installations at five different outdoor locations in former city harbor area M4H.

^{DOWN TO EARTH: WATERSCHOOL M4H+}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

Five Interventions in the Public Space
WATERSCHOOL M4H+ investigates how a range of new raw materials and resources can contribute to a sustainable society as well as to how the district can function as a learning production landscape. Which new forms of food production are interesting, for example, and (how) can M4H make room for them? What part can food and material production even play in an area that is being developed as a future robust live-work district?
With (animal) species such as insects, the water intensity of meat production can be tested. Insects can serve as an alternative source of protein, the production of which requires much less water than the production of beef, pork, or chicken. Similarly, duckweed, seaweed, wood, or fungi are potential new food and material sources, the production of which leaves a smaller water footprint than current food production, although they will require new forms of (urban) agriculture, architecture, and energy supply. Can we perhaps extract the required energy from water, for example by the use of aquifer thermal energy systems? And what part can the existing port architecture play in these new forms of urban development?

^{Waterschool M4H+ outdoor installation}

^{image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

At five different outdoor locations in the M4H district stories about, research into, and the impact of new resources are illustrated in spatial installations. Each installation has its own subject and material and their stories are integrated in the story of how people may live and work here in the future. Using a QR code, visitors can access a web application that introduces pioneers in the district, makers and entrepreneurs already locally active as well as future residents. 3D drawings illustrate what the future live-work environment can look like if it is constructed using wood.

^{Waterschool M4H+: Artist's Impression Wood Production Landscape}

^{image: Studio Makkink & Bey with Juhee Hahm}

Water Footprint
According to surface area, each of the five installations shows the amount of water consumed directly, that is, for daily use, by the average inhabitant of Rotterdam: 119 liters per day. In order to supply this using rainwater, the average Rotterdammer needs about 60 m² of space with a height of 72 cm, 43,435 liters for a whole year.

^{Waterschool M4H+: Artist's Impression Calculating the Waterfootprint}

^{image: Studio Makkink & Bey}

In addition, the installations show the impact that products such as food and clothing have on people’s water consumption and what this means in terms of water consumption worldwide. Because as a consumer, the average Rotterdammer indirectly consumes another 4,000 liters of water a day – 1.45 million liters a year. This means that the products we buy are responsible for 99 per cent of the water we consume. For the most part, such products are imported. This means we leave 95 per cent of our water footprint abroad, almost always in areas where the water conditions are much worse than in the Netherlands. The aim of the Waterschool is therefore to increase our awareness of our huge water footprint and to teach us what we can do about it, using the installations and in workshops and debates, and to continue to introduce the results in the central working exhibition.

^{DOWN TO EARTH: WATERSCHOOL M4H+}

^{image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

Expanding
The exhibition itself will incrementally develop as more information comes in from the district. In this way, as the exhibition continues, it will expand by addressing all of the subjects and results of the research by design into those raw materials that can serve as (building) materials or food and have a responsible relationship to water use with an eye to the sustainable development of Merwe-Vierhavens.

WATERSCHOOL M4H+ was realized with the support of Programmabureau M4H, a joint venture of Rotterdam Port Authority and the municipality of Rotterdam

Rianne Makkink and Jurgen Bey

^{picture: Fred Ernst}

Makkink and Bey
The curators of DOWN TO EARTH: WATERSCHOOL M4H+ are designer-architect Rianne Makkink and designer Jurgen Bey. Their design collaborative Studio Makkink & Bey is based in the M4H area in Rotterdam. Supported by a diverse design team, the Studio has been operating since 2002. The Studio's various projects include interior design, product design, public space projects, architecture, exhibition and shop window design, research projects and applied arts.

DOWN TO EARTH: WATERSCHOOL M4H+ will be open to the public from Wednesday June 9 through Friday July 30, 2021.
Please note that we're open from Tuesday to Sunday, from 11 am to 5 pm. We are always closed on Mondays.

Admission is free and registration is not necessary as long as the current corona measures are in force.
For all other pertinent visitors information, click here

ALL DATES ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
Given the pandemic, IABR follows the current guidelines of the Dutch Health Authority. So please remember that because of Covid-19 all dates are subject to change.

More on Exhibition: WATERSCHOOL M4H+ ▸▸▸

DOWN TO EARTH

Program

Location

Studio Makkink & Bey

People

Rianne Makkink & Jurgen Bey

^{DOWN TO EARTH: RECLAIMING THE COMMONS}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

The transition to renewable energy is urgent, but also almost unimaginably far-reaching. Urgent because the petroculture that characterizes modern civilization contributes greatly to global warming and climate change. Far-reaching because the way we live and care, learn and live, consume and produce; because what we eat and how we eat, how we move around and how we interact with each other and with nature – in short, because how we organize our living environment and our coexistence and whether everyone has equal opportunities, is largely determined by access to and use of energy.
Our use of energy has an impact on our economy and our culture. But the era of petroculture, the feast of fossil expressionism, is coming to an end. The energy transition is now the elephant in the room of politics. It is therefore crucial that we reconsider ownership of the transition to a sustainable energy supply. That we underline that the energy transition cannot take place without a social transition.

^{DOWN TO EARTH: RECLAIMING THE COMMONS}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

^{Toolbox: The World and the Neighborhood (work in progress)}

^{image: OOZE, IABR–Atelier Rotterdam}

RECLAIMING THE COMMONS
The exhibition RECLAIMING THE COMMONS is the 2.0 version of WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY?, the exhibition we had to close after only three weeks, last December, because of the lockdown.

^{DOWN TO EARTH: RECLAIMING THE COMMONS}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY? focused on the energy transition at the district level, on the energy district as an energetic district. Because it is in the district that it is best to explore how the energy transition can be used as a lever for broader, sustainable, truly transformative change. That is, as the exhibition showed, the level of scale at which technical, infrastructural and social tasks come together. It is therefore also where major and minor players – governments, businesses, social initiatives, housing corporations, owners’ associations, and residents – must come to an agreement. But how can this be achieved? The discussion on this subject was extensive during and after the exhibition.
In RECLAIMING THE COMMONS the curators, George Brugmans and Thijs van Spaandonk, go a step further. Their starting point is the observation that energy was once part of the commons: that which belongs to all of us and that we take care of together. And that we might want to look at it that way again: after all, since the sun, wind and hydrogen belong to everyone, the transition to sustainable energy should belong to us all, too. So how can we reinvent the commons for the twenty-first century? The energy transition is the elephant in the room of politics. It’s high time to say: No energy transition without social transition – RECLAIM THE COMMONS!

Click here for more info about WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY?

^{WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY?}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

IABR–Atelier Rotterdam: the energy transition as a lever for change in the urban district
In the Netherlands, according to the National Climate Agreement of 2019, circa 5,000 districts will have to become gas-free. Initial experience shows that this is not at all easy. There are many complications, for instance with implementation and, above all, financing and local support. Actually, we just don’t know yet how to wean our districts off of natural gas.
In Rotterdam too, all districts have to be weaned off of natural gas. The city pointed to five to lead the way. One of these is Bospolder-Tussendijken, also known as BoTu, one of the poorest districts in the Netherlands. But it is not only fragile, it is also resilient: culturally diverse, empowered and self-aware. That is why the IABR chose BoTu.

^{Reclaiming the Commons}

^{foto: Aad Hoogendoorn}

In BoTu the IABR–Atelier Rotterdam, a collaboration between IABR and the municipality of Rotterdam, has spent the past two years exploring how the energy transition that is inevitable can be a lever for what is aspired to. Can residents really become co-owners of the transition and in such a way that it contributes to social inclusion and the sustainable improvement of their living environment and quality of life?

^{DOWN TO EARTH: RECLAIMING THE COMMONS}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

From building blocks to Local Energy Action Plan
Atelier Rotterdam first researched the spatio-energetic building blocks needed for a future, truly resilient BoTu, for it to become clear what the specific energy challenge in BoTu actually is. Then, an anthropological exploration by the Atelier of the known and unknown, often invisible social networks in BoTu provided insight into the potential power of residents. To what extent can and do they want to be co-producers of their living environment and take responsibility for the transition? An identification of the social building blocks needed to link the energy transition to other, more integral local challenges, such as the sustainable improvement of quality of life and the living environment.

^{Towards a LEAP}

^{© IABR, Ooze}

In order to actually realize a transition that is broadly supported and implement it spatially, a LEAP is required, a Local Energy Action Plan, which the IABR–Atelier Rotterdam has developed together with a growing number of partners in and residents of Bospolder-Tussendijken.

^{Virtual workshop LEAP}

^{picture: Yonca Özbilge}

The LEAP was presented in WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY? and discussed in workshops and other settings, and with experts as well as with stakeholders from Bospolder-Tussendijken. Consequently, the LEAP was further developed and a Toolbox for the District was designed which will be presented in RECLAIMING THE COMMONS.
Therefore, the exhibition is also conceived as a launching pad for activities which we float in the summer of 2021 in BoTu itself.

^{DOWN TO EARTH: RECLAIMING THE COMMONS}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

RECLAIM THE COMMONS!
Clearly, this exhibition is a snapshot, taken on the road from Local Energy Action Plan to local energy action. The aim is to provide Bospolder-Tussendijken with a plan and a toolbox with which more and more residents can lay claim to the energy transition and appropriate it – as such, but especially as a lever for integral change.
But that won’t just happen. Action perspective and action competence are one thing, acquiring ownership is another. In addition to plans and tools, residents must also be given a real position and be taken seriously by the authorities and the business community as co-owners of the transition. After all, this is about their living environment. Private-public cooperation is imperative, but then residents have to be able to become real players, too.
Residents will only be able to secure a real position if what they contribute is actually appreciated and has real value. In other words, if not only economic but also social and ecological gains are considered as increases in value, as income added to the books.

^{Energy Transition as Leverage (from: RECLAIMING THE COMMONS)}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

Everything has to change
The way capitalism works and the relationships between government, businesses and civil society must change, especially the underlying power structures. We need a new balance of profit and loss that takes into account the importance of future generations and other forms of life without irresponsibly mortgaging the future. This requires profound transitions and a structural systems change. Only then can we reclaim the commons – what belongs to us together and should remain so, and what we take care of together, now and for the future.

Curators
The curators of the exhibition are George Brugmans (IABR) and Thijs van Spaandonk (Bright and Head Master Urban Design of the Rotterdam Academy of Architecture and Urban Design).
Currently, the lead designer of the IABR–Atelier Rotterdam is Eva Pfannes (OOZE Architects and Urbanists), who designed the LEAP and the toolboxes.

^{from the left: George Brugmans, Eva Pfannes and Thijs van Spaandonk}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

DOWN TO EARTH: RECLAIMING THE COMMONS is open to the public from Wednesday June 9 through Sunday July 11, 2021, from Tuesday to Sunday, from 11 am to 5 pm. The exhibition is closed on Mondays.

Admission is free and registration is not necessary as long as the current corona measures are in force.
For all other pertinent visitors information, click here

ALL DATES ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
Given the pandemic, IABR follows the current guidelines of the Dutch Health Authority. So please remember that because of Covid-19 all dates are subject to change.

More on Exhibition: RECLAIMING THE COMMONS ▸▸▸

DOWN TO EARTH

Program

Exhibition

Location

Keilepand

People

^{Down To Earth: Whose Energy Is It, Anyway?}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

The exhibition DOWN TO EARTH: WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY? focuses on the energy transition at neighborhood level. On the energy district as an energetic district. Urgent issues converge at this scale level and large and small players –governments, companies, civil society and residents– must reach a new covenant. In and with the neighborhood, it is also possible to explore how the energy transition can be used as a lever for broader, comprehensive transformational change.

^{WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY?}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

Natural gas-free neighborhoods for a post-fossil world
In the Netherlands, according to the National Climate Agreement of 2019, circa 5,000 districts will have to become gas-free. Initial experience shows that this is not at all easy. There are many complications, for instance with implementation and, above all, financing and local support. Actually, we just don’t know yet how to wean our districts off of natural gas.
At the same time, this operation is part of a much larger challenge, the global transition to sustainable energy, which is not only politically and ecologically urgent, but at the same time unimaginably far-reaching. Everything we do, individually and together - living and working, study and leisure - is largely determined by access to and use of energy. The energy transition is not only a technical and financial, but also a social and cultural challenge. The decisions that are made and will be made concern us all. The energy transition is the elephant in the room of politics. There can be no energy transition without a thoroughly democratic discussion about the ownership of that transition.

^{DOWN TO EARTH: WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY?}

^{image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

The transition to sustainable energy can be readily used for such a debate. After all, sun and wind, and soon hydrogen, belong to everyone, why not the energy that we can generate with them? We have approach the energy transition as an opportunity, as a lever for much broader change. This requires new collaborations, new roles, at all levels of scale. The neighborhood is the scale at which these new collaborations can best take shape. There, the idea of a new energy commons can be explored, a playing field in which citizens can play their part in addition to governments and companies.

^{WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY?}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

IABR–Atelier Rotterdam in BoTu
In Rotterdam too, all districts have to be weaned off of natural gas. The city pointed to five to lead the way. One of these is Bospolder-Tussendijken, also known as BoTu, one of the poorest districts in the Netherlands. But it is not only fragile, it is also resilient: culturally diverse, empowered and self-aware. That is why the IABR chose BoTu.

IABR in BoTu

Here, the IABR–Atelier Rotterdam, a collaboration between IABR and the municipality of Rotterdam, has spent the past two years exploring how the energy transition that is inevitable can be a lever for what is aspired to. Can residents really become co-owners of the transition and in such a way that it contributes to social inclusion and the sustainable improvement of their living environment and quality of life?

^{WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY?}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

From building blocks to action plan
Atelier Rotterdam first researched the social and spatio-energetic building blocks needed for a future, truly resilient BoTu, for it to become clear what the specific energy challenge in BoTu actually is. How much energy is used? How much less energy will be needed after the houses are modified? How much renewable energy can be generated in the district itself? Which spatial interventions will help? How much energy will still be needed and where will it come from? An investigation into the choices that still need to be made, and the possible returns.
An anthropological exploration by the Atelier of the known and unknown, often invisible social networks in BoTu provides insight into the potential power of residents. To what extent can and do they want to be co-producers of their living environment and take responsibility for the transition? An identification of the social building blocks needed to link the energy transition to other, more integral local challenges, such as the sustainable improvement of quality of life and the living environment.

^{Towards a LEAP}

^{© IABR, Ooze}

In order to actually realize a transition that is broadly supported and implement it spatially, a LEAP is required, a Local Energy Action Plan, which the IABR–Atelier Rotterdam has developed together with many partners in and residents of Bospolder-Tussendijken. The LEAP is presented in DOWN TO EARTH: WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY? which makes the exhibition also a launching pad for activities which we float in the spring of 2021 in BoTu itself.

^{WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY?}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

IABR–Atelier East Flemish Core Area
The exhibition also includes space for the IABR–Atelier East Flemish Core Area, which the IABR set up in 2017 together with the Province of East Flanders. Particularly for the Demonstratieproject Eeklo, an exploration in this East Flemish municipality of how the already built-up environment can be redesigned, as it were, by putting the opportunities that the inevitable energy transition offers in the lead.

^{WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY?}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

Curators
The curators of the exhibition are George Brugmans (IABR), Eva Pfannes (OOZE Architects and Urbanists) and Thijs van Spaandonk (Bright and Head Master Urban Design of the Rotterdam Academy of Architecture and Urban Design).

Brugmans and Van Spaandonk developed the narrative of the exhibition. You can download their key texts at the bottom of this page.

^{from the left: George Brugmans, Eva Pfannes and Thijs van Spaandonk}

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY? is open to the public from Friday November 20 through Sunday December 20, from Tuesday to Sunday, from 11 am to 5 pm. The exhibition is closed on Mondays.

Please note that, given the pandemic, IABR follows the guidelines of the Dutch Health Authority. This way, we can ensure that there are never too many people present at the same time and that every visit is a safe visit. Therefore, visitors have to reserve times slots, which you can do by clicking here

For all visitors information, click here

More on Exhibition: WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY? ▸▸▸

Location

Keilepand

People

Downloads

Key texts WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY?

Drought in the Delta

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

If scientists worldwide tell us change is urgently needed and on a scale for which ‘there is no documented historical precedent,’ then nothing is self-evident anymore. Even the fact that the Dutch, like no other people, know how to deal with water no longer offers any certainty.
In the delta that the Dutch live in, climate change is generating completely new problems. More and more often there is too much water, but we are also – and this is really new – now confronted with drought and shortages of fresh water. For hundreds of years, we’ve worked hard to make our country better at draining water as quickly and efficiently as possible for reasons of safety and agricultural productivity. But now we are suddenly facing a new challenge: how to retain water in order to be able to use it when we need it.

Building blocks for a new freshwater strategy
The dry summer of 2018 prompted George Brugmans, director of IABR and chief curator of DOWN TO EARTH, to start an investigation into opportunities and frameworks for the large-scale storage of freshwater, both aboveground and underground.
The IABR–Atelier Drought in the Delta was set up and lead designer Marco Vermeulen and his SMV-team were commissioned to map the situation and explore possibilities for increasing the delta's water buffering capacity and the opportunities that this would create. The aim of the research was to provide building blocks for a new freshwater strategy in conjunction with other transition challenges, such as the energy transition, food production, and urbanization, which always involve increasingly intensive use of the topsoil and subsoil. A new strategy is urgently needed, because, as Vermeulen puts it: "Climate change is forcing us to re-design the Dutch water machine back into a resilient delta."

Drought in the Delta

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

DOWN TO EARTH: DROUGHT IN THE DELTA
The results of the research by design done by the Atelier Drought in the Delta are central to the first exhibition of DOWN TO EARTH. They are visualized by means of an animation of a cross section of the Dutch Delta. Looking in the direction of Germany, France and Belgium, upstream along the Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt, we see the Alps in the distance. In about seven minutes, Studio Marco Vermeulen en Tungsten Studio demonstrate how our delta is currently functioning, what problems have arisen due to climate change and what possible building blocks for a new freshwater strategy in conjunction with other transition challenges there are.

For more information about the presentation of the results of the Atelier in the exhibition, click here

Drought in the Delta

^{picture: Aad Hoogendoorn}

Four explorations
In addition to the results of the Atelier, the curator, George Brugmans, selected four other exemplary Dutch projects. These already, and very concretely explore aspects of the solution directions as proposed by the Atelier: COASTAR, Panorama Waterland, Water Mosaic Groene Hart and Sponstuin.

Viable proposals for action
DOWN TO EARTH: DROUGHT IN THE DELTA is also and foremost a call to action. It presents concrete proposals for solution directions, in order for local and regional authorities to appreciate opportunities and to make it possible for them to work on their own specific challenges, necessarily in such a way that they fit into the inevitably comprehensive transition of the entire delta.
The exhibition advocates a radical change in thinking and acting. We need to move from a naturally wet delta, which must drain excess water as quickly as possible, to a smart delta that can retain fresh water so that we can use it when we need it.

DROUGHT IN THE DELTA is another fine example of how IABR bridges the gap between research by design, public presentations and action by purposefully using the free cultural space for a continuous open and cultural development process aimed at the real-world implementation of results.

The key texts of the exhibition can be downloaded at the bottom of this page.

^{The Sponstuin, by De Urbanisten, with the Keilepand in the background}

^{© IABR, 2020}

The exhibition took place in the Keilezaal and was open to the public from September 19 to November 1, 2020.

Drought in the Delta

^{© IABR}

More on Exhibition: DROUGHT IN THE DELTA ▸▸▸

When he decided to name the 9th edition of the International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam DOWN TO EARTH, chief curator George Brugmans was inspired by the book Où aterrir? by Bruno Latour. In it, the French philosopher argues that landing again on Earth is now inescapably our new political, social and cultural task, and that we must redefine all our actions in terms of how they take us back to Earth.

Earthrise

^{photo by Bill Anders (1968), courtesy NASA}

Indeed, Waar kunnen we landen? –where can we land?, as the Dutch translation of the title of Latour's book reads. Can we, as it were, resettle on planet Earth, in a sustainable balance with other life forms and one with nature, Brugmans asks in his curator introduction to this edition of the biennale.

The Bibliography
In addition to Où aterrir? many more pivotal books have been published on the issues and challenges addressed in this biennale, books on economics and ecology, on politics and philosophy, and of course on design and change.

^{DOWN TO EARTH: RECLAIMING THE COMMONS}

^{image: Aad Hoogendoorn}

That's why DOWN TO EARTH: THE BIBLIOGRAPHY was presented in the exhibition RECLAIMING THE COMMONS, an overview of some sixty books, as well as quotes from them, that inspired Brugmans and Thijs van Spaandonk, a co-curator of DOWN TO EARTH.

Top 16
At the request of NAI Booksellers, George Brugmans compiled his Top-16. Making a selection was not easy, but it provides those who do not have time to read all sixty books some guidance.
Most books are for sale via the special DOWN TO EARTH webpage of NAi Booksellers.

Downloads

^{NOW! Designing in Times of Climate Crisis - Keilezaal}

^{image: RAvB}

The exhibition NOW! has been built up but could not be opened to the public due to the lockdown. However, 150 students, two academies and one IABR were determined to make it happen anyway and figured out a way to present NOW! on Instagram.

NOW! DESIGNING IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CRISIS
IABR–DOWN TO EARTH asks: Where can we land? In response, the Rotterdam Academy of Architecture and Urban Design (RAvB) and the Graphic Design (BA) and Non Linear Narrative (MA) departments of the Royal Academy of Visual Arts (KABK), in The Hague, are devoting their educational programs to exploring how designers should relate to the climate crisis and what action they can take.
How can we organize our lives and our living environment in such a way that the future is sustainable? How do we deal with the shortcomings of "modernity as a project"? What values should we embrace and what should we say goodbye to?

^{NOW! Designing in Times of Climate Crisis}

400 Posters
This exhibition centers on the more than 400 posters that, arranged in a horizontal grid, almost fill the entire space of the Keilezaal. This field of posters is mounted between four notions to which design should relate: the extremes, the other, the commons, and the departure – the four thematic lines of the exhibition.

^{Dave van Toor}

^{Rotterdam Academy of Architecture and Urban Design, 2021}

The grid also accommodates ecological elements. The posters question, each in a different way, how design, designing, and especially designers relate to the climate crisis.
The posters were made by more than 150 students, 120 from the RAvB and 30 from the KABK. The KABK students were inspired by texts by, among others, American philosopher Timothy Morton as the basis for their visual essays. The RAvB students used, among other things, Korean director Bong Joon Ho’s film Snowpiercer to reflect on their own design projects.
In addition to the posters, the exhibition includes a number of animated films and there is also a library that includes the sources that were consulted.

The Four Thematic Lines

The Extremes
The climate crisis leads to more extreme weather conditions. What extremes in terms of water, drought, and temperature can we expect and what adaptations will current and future extremes ask of our living environment? Also, how will we relate to these extremes? Should we perhaps also allow a more manifest experience of these extremes in our living environment, to increase our awareness of the crisis?

The Other
We are all part of a single biosphere. There is no escaping this. Our actions as humans affect other organisms in the biosphere and therefore ourselves as well. A (lack of) action in Rotterdam affects the prospects for action of people and animals in other parts of the world.

The Commons
The climate crisis is the result of an extractive approach to the environment for the sake of perpetual economic growth. We are increasingly aware of the fact that we need a different value model. Such a model would need to be based on reciprocity and on solidarity with places and communities. What will urban development on the basis of the idea of the commons look like?

Saying Goodbye
We have to say goodbye, not only to certain resources and fuels, but also and especially to certain routines. Saying goodbye can hurt, but also involves reflection on and appreciation of, or perhaps even nostalgia for, elements of the past.
Eventually, we may well conclude that things have become better for everyone. Letting go makes room for reorientation, because we’re no longer weighed down by the past. Looking back, we may well think: ‘We should have done this much sooner!’

^{Elina Ersdorf: Visual Essays Time's Up!}

^{Graphic Design BA, Royal Academy of the Arts, The Hague, 2020}

Realization
The narrative, arrangement of available materials, spatial layout, and visual identity were developed during a three-day workshop at the end of February 2021. Together with the RAvB head of the Urban Design Master Program and IABR–DOWN TO EARTH co-curator Thijs van Spaandonk, 12 KABK and RAvB students put together the materials of the various institutes and translated these into a narrative and spatial concept.

^{NOW! - Workshop February, 2021}

^{picture: RAvB}

Concept, Curation, Design and Realization

KABK
Ieva Gailiušaitė
Petra Erős
Abel van As
Lulu van Dijck

RAVB
Amal Habti
Samil Kahraman
Tom Koetsenruijter
Lotte de Koning
Angéla Kortleven
Sven Schouten
Petula de Smit
Nancy Smolka
Thijs van Spaandonk
Anneke Wisse
Milou van Zomeren

Graphic Design
Petra Erős

Initiative
This exhibition is an initiative of Thijs van Spaandonk (RAvB), Roosje Klap, Marthe Prins (KABK) and George Brugmans (IABR).

Multiyear Collaboration
This exhibition is part of a multiyear collaboration between the IABR and the RAvB that was launched on 28 August 2020 in the Keilezaal, during the start of the past academic year. Connecting the exploratory capacity of design education to the free cultural space of imagination, the two institutes jointly explore ways to relate to the climate crisis and which transitions we have to go through.

Location

Keilepand

Due to the extension of the lockdown this exhibition could not be opened to the public.
HOWEVER, YOU CAN STILL TAKE A VIRTUAL TOUR OF METEOPOLIS (THOUGH ONLY IN DUTCH) : CLICK HERE

Meteopolis, virtual tour

The City of Rotterdam’s program Weatherwise Rotterdam presented four design offices with a challenge: devise and design a future scenario for Rotterdam, keeping in mind that the city is facing climate change, extreme weather and rising sea levels. The designers were asked to take as their point of departure the decision to embrace the water, rather than continuing to fight it. And to consider whether or not we will be able to live in Rotterdam in 2060, and if so, how.

Meteopolis

^{picture: Dewi Baggerman}

The four future scenarios will be presented at METEOPOLIS, an exhibition that offers visitors a look at Rotterdam in 2060, in the context of IABR–DOWN TO EARTH and its core question: Where Can We Land? The aim is to further an informed, open and pointed discussion about the complex problems that climate change will confront us with and to influence decision-making processes in such a way that we will still be able to live in Rotterdam in 40 years’ time.

Meteopolis

^{picture: Dewi Baggerman}

The four scenarios:
Verveeld Verward: Individually + Prepared
De Zwarte Hond + Strootman Landschapsarchitecten: Collectively + Prepared
Marieke Vromans & Floor van den Bergh: Collectively + Coming Through
Walden Studio: Individually + Coming Through

^{METEOPOLIS: Panorama Harbour}

^{image: De Zwarte Hond}

Meteopolis

^{artist impression: Strootman Landschapsarchitecten}

Rotterdam, the IABR and Water
For Rotterdam, a low-lying delta city, water has always been friend and foe. But against the backdrop of climate change, more and more, a sense of danger threatened to predominate. The consequences of global warming gave the water challenge Rotterdam faces a new urgency. Soil subsidence, water safety, extreme precipitation, heat, and drought are major and acute challenges.

^{ROTTERDAM WATERSTAD 2035}

^{image: Maarten Laupman, IABR 2005}

Water has also been the blue thread connecting the programming of successive IABR editions. In 2005, during the 2^nd IABR, The Flood, the concept of Rotterdam Waterstad 2035 was advanced. From a new perspective at the time, Waterstad 2035 emphasized ‘water’ as an opportunity, rather than as a threat or expense. It introduced the idea that, for Rotterdam, the water challenge offers a unique opening towards a more resilient agenda for urban design.
The plan was adopted in its entirety in the Urban Master Plan Rotterdam 2030, served as a source of inspiration for the Rotterdam Adaptation Strategy and helped lay the foundation for Resilient Rotterdam and Weatherwise Rotterdam.

Water as Leverage
15 years after The Flood, the city is now ready to take the next step. In the context of DOWN TO EARTH, Weatherwise Rotterdam explores the opportunities once again. METEOPOLIS: which approach to the city’s water challenges can best create climate-adaptive levers for the sustainable spatial and social development of a resilient Rotterdam?

METEOPOLIS is produced by Weatherwise Rotterdam, a program of the city of Rotterdam, a partner to whom the IABR gladly gives the floor in the context of DOWN TO EARTH.

M4H+ Rotterdam

A global player, the Port of Rotterdam has a special relationship with the City of Rotterdam. Though this relationship has become more fragile in recent decades, the arenas in which the City and the Port come together, the so-called ‘city harbors’, are now of growing importance. After all, this is where smart links between the inevitable transitions in energy and resource use (circular port, circular economy) and the broader socioeconomic development of both residents and businesses in the city can be established.
In Rotterdam, the Port Authority and the City are intertwined in a single (urban) system, like conjoined twins. In the city harbors they can explore, design, and test the transition to the future Rotterdam together. One of the city harbors in which port development and urban development come together is the Merwe-Vierhavens district (M4H) where, in 2018, IABR, Port and City have established the Test Site M4H+.

Where City Meets Harbor

^{Team1010 / IABR–Atelier Rotterdam}

Test Site M4H+ is a collaboration of IABR, PBM4H, the City of Rotterdam and the Rotterdam Port Authority.

IABR-2020-

IABR–DOWN TO EARTH

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Curator Introduction to DOWN TO EARTH

People

Curator Team IABR–DOWN TO EARTH

Exhibition: THE HIGH GROUND

on water safety as a lever

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People

Exhibition: WATERSCHOOL M4H+

Program

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Exhibition: RECLAIMING THE COMMONS

no energy transition without a social transition

Program

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People

Exhibition: WHOSE ENERGY IS IT, ANYWAY?

The energy district is an energetic district

Location

People

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Exhibition: DROUGHT IN THE DELTA

Building blocks for a new freshwater strategy

Location

People

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DOWN TO EARTH: THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Exhibition: NOW! DESIGNING IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CRISIS

Partner exhibition

Location

Partner exhibition: Meteopolis

Scenarios for Rotterdam in 2060

IABR–Test Site M4H+

City, Port and IABR join forces in 'city harbor' Merwe-Vierhavens

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on water safety as a lever

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no energy transition without a social transition

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The energy district is an energetic district

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Building blocks for a new freshwater strategy

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Partner exhibition

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Scenarios for Rotterdam in 2060

Related

City, Port and IABR join forces in 'city harbor' Merwe-Vierhavens

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